Textile Spinning Process

Blending

Bales of wool serve as the basic material for blending. In order to reduce variances within the yarn and consequently in the fabric, many bales are blended together during the blending process. The homogeneity of the yarn’s characteristics is also guaranteed by the homogenous mixing. The fibres are mixed uniformly by using compressed air to evenly mix them after being pulled from the bales and loaded onto a reed table with spiked apron fluffs. This is accomplished by simultaneously opening each bale.

Carding

The mechanical process that produces lay causes the fibers to lie parallel to one another through a succession of splitting and redevising stages, resulting in a thin sheet of fiber that is a uniform thickness. The lay is then compressed to create a sliver, a continuous web of fiber. The slivers will now be dragged farther to be turned into yarn, which starts the spinning process.

Combing

It uses revolving rings or a straight row of steel pins to separate out the shorter fibre (less than 4 inches). In the woollen system, this procedure is unnecessary because the short fibres are saved for further processing. Noils, the shorter fibres that were removed, are added as a decorative element to the subsequent spinning process.

Gilling

The gilling and combing process is subsequently applied to the carded wool. The shorter fibres are further removed during this procedure, while the longer fibres (top) are positioned as parallel as feasible. Additionally, it aids in the removal of any contaminants that remained after carding. The top product’s aligned fibres have been straightened and are now parallel to one another. It also aids in the continued blending of enhances consistency throughout the bundle and the fibres.

Drawing

The gilling machine can also be used for this procedure. It becomes thinner for yarn preparation as the slivers are progressively pulled into a more compact form. For the drawing process in the gilling machine, just the machine settings should be altered. A drawing process or more drawing processes are supplied in sequence depending on the needs of the yarn.]

Roving

The roving operation’s goal is to shrink the sliver to a size that can be spun. The pace at which the slivers are cycled through sets of rollers increases. As a result, the linear fibre density is further reduced, making it ready for spinning. A slight twist is also introduced while roving, which aids in reducing the roving to the necessary linear density. After that, the roving is wound around a roving bobbin.’[]

Spinning

The roving bobbin is fed into a ring frame after roving, where the roved wool is further dragged out to create yarn. A small quantity of twit is added during this process to reinforce the yarn and assist with sketching. After that, the yarn is wound into a ring bobbin for more winding.

Winding

Due to machine restrictions, ring spinning bobbins come in a small package size. Large packages are necessary for the following processes in order to improve production rates. The efficiency of the machine would decrease if the little ring spun bobbins were utilised in the subsequent stages since they would need to be replaced frequently. The Auto coner is used to create larger packages from the ring spun bobbins for this purpose. At that time, cutting and splicing is used to correct yarn faults including slub, thick, and thin spots. Today, the majority of factories feature autoconers with automatic cutting and splicing attachments.]

winding in assembly

A single yarn’s strength is never as strong as a double ply yarn’s. A single ply yarn is insufficient to give the higher strength needed for the warp yarn weaving operation. The strength of the yarn multiplies by two when it is doubled. The autoconer-produced packets are utilised in this machine. To create one double ply yarn, two packages are combined and doubled.

Twisting

The assembly winding machine creates double yarn that is not twisted. There is always a danger that the pry yarns will separate from one another in the absence of the twist. This is accomplished using a TFO (Two For One) machine, which spins at a speed of 8000–10500 revolutions per minute to generate the appropriate twist.

Steaming

After being twisted, the damaged yarns are prepared for steam treatment in an autoclave machine, which is a highly heated container. The spool is eventually prepared for weaving or other end uses once the twist is imparted becomes permanent with controlled steam and pressure.

If the fibers need to be dyed, top dyeing is the method used, however the top must then go through the gilling and recombination steps once again. This aids in mixing the dyed fibers as well.